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Diamonds have been adapted for many
uses because of the material's exceptional physical characteristics.
Hardness On
a mineral hardness scale popularly
referred Mohs scale diamond scores
10/10. This makes it the hardest mineral known. This hardness
makes diamond an ideal cutting tool in
industries.
Toughness
Toughness relates to a material's ability to resist breakage from
forceful impact. As with any material, the macroscopic geometry of a
diamond contributes to its resistance to breakage. Diamond is therefore
more fragile in some orientations than others.
Thermodynamic Like
carbon, diamond will burn
at approximately 800 degree Celsius, in
open air.
Optical
Diamonds can disperse visible light. This strong ability to split
white light into its component colors is an important aspect of
diamond's attraction as a gemstone. The luster of a diamond, its adamantine
brilliance, is a consequence of its high refractive index of 2.417
which allows total internal reflection to occur easily. Some
diamonds exhibit florescence of various colors (predominately blue)
under long wave ultraviolet radiation. Most diamonds show no
fluorescence although colored diamonds show a wider range of
fluorescence than the blue fluorescence normally observed in clear
diamonds. Nearly all diamonds fluoresce bluish-white, yellow, or green
under shorter X-ray radiation. X-ray screening is used extensively
in mining to separate the diamond-bearing from the non-fluorescing waste
rock.
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